Fahrenheit 451 - Dialectic Journal - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1558 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Narrative essay Level High school Tags: Fahrenheit 451 Essay Ray Bradbury Essay Did you like this example? F451 Dialectic Journal |Chapter |Passage |Significance | |1 |â€Å"It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things |There is absolute pleasure when eating something. When something changes, it could| | |blackened and changed. Narrator page 3 |end up good or bad. However, when something is blackened, the only things that | | | |come to mind are burnt food and arson. Both of which are not pleasant looking or | | | |feeling. | |1 |â€Å"â€Å"So many people are. Afraid of firemen, I mean. But you’re just a |Throughout my life, I’ve seen a lot of movies where people are betrayed or | | |man after all†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Clarisse McClellan† page 7 |deceived and lines such as â€Å"How could you, you monster? † are spoken. Sometimes | | | |when this happens, I always think to myself that deep down; the â€Å"monster† can | | | |change, because they’re just as human as their victim. |1 |â€Å"â€Å"You think too many things,† said Montag, uneasily. † Guy Montag |Clarisse isn’t the only person who has dozens of thoughts streaming through her | | |page 9. |head. I’m also a thinker myself. Sometimes when I’m talking to my friends, I often| | | |change topics a lot because I ask a random question that just randomly came to | | | |mind. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fahrenheit 451 Dialectic Journal" essay for you Create order This passage also shows a result of not reading; failure to keep track with | | | |someone who has more knowledge. Since Guy doesn’t read any books, he is not | | | |capable of managing two or more ideas at the same time. | |1 |â€Å"â€Å"Are you happy? † she said. † |Wow, I’ve never even thought of that myself. People tend to do things and not | | | |think about how they feel or would feel afterwards. I for example, have done a lot| | | |of things merely because I was told or suggested to do. Even when I really didn’t | | | |want to do it, I did it anyways because I didn’t want to disappoint anyone. | | |Sometimes, you just have to stop and think about whether it is worth doing because| | | |you might end up regretting every moment of it. | |1 |â€Å"â€Å"We must all be alike. Not everyone born free and equal, as the |I highly disagree with this quote because I appreciate being different. No one can| | |Constitution says, but everyone made equal. † Captain Beatty page |agree on the same religion or follow the same culture. Neither can people look or | | |58 |sound the same because that’d be against nature. However, I do agree that everyone| | | |can be equal, but if I work harder than someone else and accomplish more, then I | | | |should be rewarded. |Chapter |Passage |Response | |1 |â€Å"The converter attachment, which had cost them one hundred |So not only can you not multi-think, but another cause of not having books is| | |dollars, automatically supplied her name whenever the |having a low memory. To think that he can’t even remember a name is just very| | |announcer addresses his anonymous audience, leaving a blank|sad. Thanks to this guy, I’m starting to appreciate being forced to read a | | |where the proper syllables could be filled in. A special |book. This passage also shows how much electronics have improved in their | | |spot-wavex-scrambler also caused his televised image, in |time. Not only that, prices for such machines are probably worthy thousands | | |the area immediately about his lips, to mouth the vowels |in our time, yet it’s only worth one-hundred dollars in the future. | |and consonants beautifully. † Narrator page 64 | | |1 |â€Å"â€Å"It’s fun out in the country. You hit the rabbits, |OH MY GOODNES!! Crashing into rabbits and dogs is the definition of having | | |sometimes you hit the dogs. †Ã¢â‚¬  Mildred Montag page 64 |fun down in the country? In our time, people would probably get arrested and | | | |thrown into prison for some time by running over animals for â€Å"fun† as well as| | | |going +100 miles per hour. This is just so wrong. | |2 |â€Å"The bombers crossed the sky and crossed the sky over the |I’m assuming Ray Bradbury is using bombers as in bombing planes. In that | | |house, gasping, murmuring, whistling like an immense, |case, this is not only an example of onomatopoeia, but also personification. | | |invisible fan, circling in emptiness. † Narrator page 73 | | |2 |â€Å"The train hissed to its stop. † Narrator page 80 |Here’s another example of onomatopoeia and personification. | |2 |â€Å"â€Å"I need you to teach me. † Guy Montag page 88 |In our time, a lot of people prefer to not have to go to school. To think | | | |that someone would beg and even go as low as giving threats in order to get a| | | |lesson is a very peculiar scenario for me. | |2 |â€Å"â€Å"It listens! If you put it in your ear, Montag, I can sit |I’m going to predict that this is an earpiece walkie-talkie. Professor Faber | | |comfortably home, warming my frightened bones, and hear and|describes how he spent nearly half his life playing the stock market and | | |analyze the fireman’s world, find its weakness, without |waiting to use the thing. From the way it sounds, the earpiece must’ve cost a| | |danger. †Ã¢â‚¬  Professor Faber page 90 |fortune. From the research I’ve done, such earpieces cost between | | | |one-hundred to two-hundred dollars. Is there really a need to play the stock | | | |market? I remember the converter attachment used earlier only costs | | | |one-hundred dollars. In my opinion, such a smart machine should be worth more| | | |than the earpiece. Maybe one-hundred dollars in the future is thousands now. |2 |â€Å"â€Å"No one in his right mind, the good Lord knows, would have|As far as I know, most married couples would want children. I know I will | | |children! †Ã¢â‚¬  Mrs. Phelps page 96 |have children when I get married. They must not want to go through the pain. | |2 |â€Å"â€Å"I think he’s one of the nicest-looking men ever became |Sounds more to me like Mrs. Bowles voted for President Noble only because he | | |president. †Ã¢â‚¬  Mrs. Bowles page 96 |was good-looking. She also said that she voted the same as everyone else. | | | |Back when it was presidential elections, I think a lot of people wanted to | | | |vote for Barack Obama only because he was African American rather than what | | | |he can do. Some people argue that it was politics but if they ask themselves | | | |deep down, I bet they can’t deny that it was also because he took a stand for| | | |his race. I have many friends who wanted Obama for president and when I asked| | | |them why, they’d say he was cool or awesome. To me, that meant it was only to| | | |blend in with the crowd. Honestly, I wanted Hilary Clinton for president, not| | | |only because she had past experience since her husband was president, but | | | |also because she was a woman. | |3 |â€Å"The books leapt and danced like roasted birds, their wings|Here’s another use of personification! The way the author described how the | | |ablaze with red and yellow feathers. † Narrator page 117 |books â€Å"danced† reminded me of a slightly cooked rooster with wings that are | | | |still vibrant in color. In Eastern culture, the rooster is ascribed five | | | |virtues: courage, generosity, punctuality, benevolence, and wisdom. According| | | |to the Chinese zodiac, anyone born in the year of the rooster is likely to be| | | |confident and capable, and able to make a recovery from any set-back. I think| | | |this is a great symbol for what Montag is feeling. He realizes the importance| | | |of what books can give you, and is willing to save them. |3 |â€Å"â€Å"You always said, don’t face a problem, burn it. †Ã¢â‚¬  Guy |I guess what goes around does come back around. I bet Beatty never thought | | |Montag page 121 |that his words would come back and bite him in the butt. When Montag said | | | |this line, there was like a rush of adrenaline flowing through my mind. I was| | | |very happy that he was finally taking a stand for his beliefs and I got to | | | |see his official ominous side which was very pleasing. | |3 |â€Å"Mildred, God bless her, had missed a few. † Guy Montag page|Why would he even bless her? She, his own wife, betrayed him and sold him out| | |122 |to the law enforcers via firefighters. Well I guess I would appreciate her | | | |for not finding every book because they were rare, but still, she’s his wife! | | | |How could she even think to do such a thing? I guess this kind of proves the | | | |love they have for eachother†¦ | |3 |â€Å"It was not burning. It was warming. Guy Montag page 145 |This passage reminds me of The Adventures of Sharkboy and Lavagirl. In the | | | |movie, Lavagirl gets afraid of her power because she is persuaded that fire | | | |is nothing but destruction. However, the main character convinces her that | | | |fire isn’t always destruction, but it’s also light. In this case, fire isn’t | | | |just burning, it’s also heat. At times we may be afraid of what we see, but | | | |until we get to know what it is, no one will really know how better it is. | |3 |â€Å"â€Å"We all made the right kind of mistakes, or we wouldn’t be|I highly agree with this passage. A lot of people get frustrated when they do| | |here. † Granger page 150 |something wrong, but it’s because we made the mistakes that we were able to | | | |learn from it. I remember a case where I was playing a game and I didn’t know| | | |what to do so I decided to guess, but I accidently clicked a different button| | | |and it turned out to be the right one. |

Marriage in Pakistan - 1337 Words

Marriage in Pakistan Pakistan is a place of thousands of cultured faces, when there is a wedding its full of its traditions and influenced by foreign customs. When you know there is Pakistani wedding be ready to participate with passion and enthusiasm. There are several steps among Muslim wedding, and they include mangni , mayoo, mehndi, nikah, and valima. Mangni is a formal ceremony to mark the couple of the engagement. This event usually takes place at home and not a lot of people are invited, the couple is usually surrounded by their parents and close relative. It’s also a way for the groom to ask permission from the bride’s parents for her hand in marriage. So at that time rings are exchanged but the groom does not put the ring on†¦show more content†¦Mehr includes two parts in Pakistan but in Islam there is only one. The mehr is almost like a safety net for the bride just in case there is divorce later on, so this guarantees brides freedom within the marri age. In Muslim wedding there has to be four witnesses present at the time of signing the nikka naama this is generally the grooms and bride’s father and if the father is not available the uncle or brothers can take the fathers place. An Islamic imam(called maulana) preforms the nikkah where he recites the verses from the Quran and waits for the bride and groom to accept each other in marriage. Usually the groom makes the proposal and the maulana and the witness take the nikkah naama to the bride and read it to her and then the maulana waits for the bride to say qabool kiya (I accept) and then she signs it. After the maulana witnesses the signing of both newlyweds he recites the Fatihah (first chapter of quran) and various durud (blessings) to mark the ending of the nikkah ceremony. When the maulana ends his durud he makes the marriage legal and the brides side of the family passes out sweets to everyone showing there proudness and happiness. At this time the bride and groom are seated together in a same room. All the family and friends congratulate the couple and then the games start, the bride’s sister tease the groom. This can lead to the sister into trying to take off the shoes of his new brother in law, if sheShow MoreRelatedPakistani And The Warlpiri ( A Group Of Indigenous Australians846 Words   |  4 Pagesregards to marital customs. The majority of young adults now reject arranged marriages, regardless of what their elders have decided, preferring instead to find their own spouse (usually a first cousin). Once two people have mutually chosen each other, the wedding itself is nothing more than the woman moving to join her husband in his home. However, once married, many spouses take on a boyfriend or girlfriend outside of the marriage. This is socially acceptable so long as the boyfriend/girlfriend is ofRead MoreThe Women s Rights Movement1659 Words   |  7 Pages Although countries throughout the world have accomplished full equality for men and women, the women’s rights movement in Pakistan has just begun. People are starting to protest against discriminations that women face in their daily lives that disable them from having a voice in society. Some of these discriminations involve men being able to divorce their wives without her consent, women’s voices having half the weight of a man’s in court, and female heirs inheriting less money or property thanRead MoreWomen s Rights And Empowerment1422 Words   |  6 Pagesonly in Pakistan, but throughout the world. As many people encouraged her movement, she became nominated for several renowned peace prizes, and also became a target for the Taliban. One day on the way home from school she was cornered on a bus and shot in the head by a Taliban member. Yet her life prevailed. The girl’s name is Malala Yousafzai, and she lives on as a nineteen-year old woman who continues to fight for women’s rights and empowerment around the glo be. Many other girls from Pakistan are notRead Morewomen in pakistan750 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿WOMEN IN PAKISTAN Outline 1. introduction Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 with thesis statement leading to the conclusion. 2. Hurdles in the way of women empowerment in Pakistan a. Unlawful customs b. Feudalism c. Crimes against women d. Domestic violence e. Outdated and perennial culture f. Forced and early marriages g. Misinterpretation of religion h. Lack of policies implementation i. Hurdles in getting into politics j. Insecurity at work place k. Denied basic education l. 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In Pakistan, the many cul tures of different tribes blend to form a unified nation. Pakistani cultures influence the lives of citizens and tourists by providing memories they will cherish forever. Pakistani cultures originate from the past of families and are carried on through tradition. Celebrating the accomplishments of their past, Pakistani people remember what is important to them through their people, religion, and food. Pakistan only averages 10 inches of rainRead MoreWomen in Pakistan1494 Words   |  6 PagesAfshan Jafar claims that the position of women in Pakistan is the product of specific, historical, political and cultural forces (53). In this paper, we will examine the historical and contemporary cultural and political forces that influence women in Pakistan. Particular attention will be given to the influence of General Zia al Haq on womens rights; this will be illustrated by examining Pakistani government policies on women before, during, and after his rule. 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If only God had made Adam Steve, instead of Adam Eve Free Essays

In â€Å"Let Gays Marry,† Andrew Sullivan responds to conservative objections to same-sex marriages, by arguing that allowing such unions would actually promote traditional values, such as fidelity, monogamy, and love. It should logically appeal to straight conservatives, who deplore gay male promiscuity, that the declaration of Supreme Court: â€Å"A state cannot deem a class of persons a stranger to its laws,† now assigns equal rights to gays and lesbians. Andrew Sullivan is a senior editor at The New Republic, a magazine he edited from 1991 to 1996, and the U. We will write a custom essay sample on If only God had made Adam Steve, instead of Adam Eve or any similar topic only for you Order Now S. columnist for the Sunday Times of London. He has a B. A. in modern history and modern languages from Oxford University and a Ph. D. in political science from Harvard University. He lives in Washington, D. C. The real problem is that there are really only three arguments against gay marriage: One is rooted in entirely God’s preferences, the second cites inconclusive research on its negative effects on children, and third, the integrity of a marriage as a legal document. Sullivan effectively presents his case in a very logical fashion, calmly displaying his points, and using a statement declared by the United States Supreme Court, under which no gay men or lesbians will be considered strangers in America. They (Gays) are human beings just like you and I, â€Å"the sons and daughters of countless mothers and 2 fathers,† and should have the same opportunities to pursue happiness by marrying the one that they love. A natural process, where two people fall in love and decide to get married, is not any different for gay people. Therefore legalizing gay marriages does not provide gays with any special rights or place in America, but instead people will consider them to be an equal part of the society. The main idea is homosexuals should have the right to get married legally. Sullivan does not want churches to make any change in their practice, but to allow everyone to be who he/she is, a principle that the United States was created on. Plus, the concept of marriage has changed within the past one hundred years. The inter-caste and the inter-religion marriages which were once prohibited or forbidden between couples, has now become socially acceptable. Gay marriages do not change anyone else’s rights or marriages in any way. Marriage is not just about raising children because the fact that many notable â€Å"childless heterosexual couples† exist in today’s society, such as Bob Dole and his wife Elizabeth Dole, etc. Sullivan concludes by telling the general public to accept homosexual marriages and the fact that they will not be the turning point for the downfall of all society. Although I agree with Sullivan when he says, legalizing gay unions would not change anyone’s right to marriage, I find Bennett’s view more powerful, that it would weaken the institution of marriage, and contradict natural, moral, religious, and sexual realities. After reading Sullivan’s article, I question his credibility, as he didn’t provide enough evidence to get his point through. His approach toward his readers is with a lot of pathos, rather than logos. For example, when he states â€Å"And what we 3 seek is not a special place in America†¦ o give back to our society,† it is not clear as to what he means by giving back. When he argues about the definition of marriage, Sullivan fails to see the change, which was brought about for the welfare of the people (inter-caste marriages, inter-religion marriages, etc. ), consisted of a â€Å"man† and a â€Å"woman†, not two men, or two women. I would have agreed to the assertion, â€Å"the most simple, the most natural, and the most human instinct,† if it was used to prove the relationship between a male and a female. But using it to persuade about the same sex marriage doesn’t cheer me up. To answer the question of whether gay and lesbian couples should have the right to marry, the question of why the institution of marriage is valued so dearly in society today must be answered. To do this, the meaning of the word marriage must be found, remembering that there are different levels in which marriage can be interpreted and/or evaluated. As with many other issues, when one tries to define the word marriage and its repercussions in society, several fundamental questions arise that must be answered in order to get a better understanding of the issue in question. Questions like: What is marriage defined as? In Webster’s Dictionary, marriage is defined as â€Å"The institution whereby men and women are joined in special kind of social and legal dependence for the purpose of founding and maintaining a family. † This concept seems to have been perpetuated throughout history, one man and one woman joined â€Å"till death do them part. † Keeping the above points in view, same sex marriages defy the laws of Christianity, and it is immoral in the eyes of society. Homosexuality in almost all countries has been looked down upon, and sometimes condemned. This opposition stems from the Holy 4 Bible. The couple in the Garden of Eden was a man and a woman, not two men or two women. If God intended two men or two women to be together, he would have put them in the Garden of Eden, giving them both the ability to have children. But that didn’t happen. God created Adam and Eve, not Adam and Steve, for the procreation of life. God wanted man and woman to reproduce with one another in order for the human race to continue. Today, adoption has taken a turn for the worse; Gay and Lesbian couples who cannot have their own children are adopting kids. I see this as one of the concerned problems. What kind of message are these kids getting? That homosexuality is all right. Moreover, the impact of this move can be devastating on the children as they grow up. For example, they might have to face a lot of challenges, like people taunting them, name calling, making fun, etc. Homosexuality is rejected by all major religions around the globe, but Andrew Sullivan still believes that promiscuity in homosexual relationships can show heterosexual couples that adultery doesn’t have to end their marriage. The Bible states, â€Å"Leviticus 20:13: If a man lies with a male as he lies with a woman, both of them have committed an abomination. They shall surely be put to death. † Thus, a 4000 year old book had an answer to the question being asked today. i. e. = Same Sex Marriage– Ethical or Unethical? How to cite If only God had made Adam Steve, instead of Adam Eve, Papers

Cybercrime free essay sample

A discussion on the consequences of cybercrime on children and the ways in which we can make children safe from sexual predators without harming them in the process. (more) Cybercrime free essay sample Features and issues Philippine Dally Inquirer 9:49 pm I Saturday, October 6th, 2012 ANTIGENS, floggers and Journalists hold a rally outside the Supreme Court to protest Republic Act No. 10175, also known as the Cybercafà © Prevention Act. RAFF LEARN Recently, the President signed into law two key pieces of legislation-?the Cybercafà © Prevention Act and the Data Privacy Act, both of which were meant to assist the development of the business process outsourcing Industry In the country. As late as last year, the Philippines reigned as the country with the biggest number of seats In he call center industry, as the BOP industry grew in terms of total revenue, foreign exchange inflow and employment generation. BOP lobby It is believed that the BOP industry needs the Cybercafà © Act (the Act) to respond to the demands of foreign clients for a strong legal environment that can secure their data from being stolen and sold.As early as 2000, the E-commerce Act (ACE) already punished hacking but the penalties were deemed too light. The persons convicted served no Call time If they opted to plead guilty In exchange for probation In lieu of imprisonment. Law enforcement agencies also faced various roadblocks when investigating cybercafà © incidents. Even during emergency situations, service providers were reluctant to cooperate with law enforcement officers, citing the need to protect subscriber privacy.Theoretically, search warrants would have addressed that problem but they were difficult to procure and Involved a lengthy process that would have given cybercafà © offenders enough time to delete precious data and cover their tracks. In cross-border cybercafà © Incidents, law enforcement efforts were even more challenging since foreign governments were not equipped to spend quickly to requests for assistance and no International framework was in place to address cross-border investigations and prosecution. To be sure, no one in government was asleep at the wheel.The Philippine National Police (PEN) and the National Bureau of Investigation (NIB), blessed with foreign-funded training in computer forensics and cybercafà © Investigation techniques, proceeded to organize and staff their cybercafà © units. These were the two agencies that were very active in cybercafà © investigation since the passage of the ACE. Budapest Convention Meanwhile, In the realm of international cooperation, the Department of Justice (DOC) officially endorsed the Philippines accession to the Council of Rupees Convention on Cybercafà ©, also known as the Budapest Convention.The treaty was fast becoming the vehicle to harmonize cybercafà ƒ © definitions and promoted international cooperation in cybercafà © enforcement and investigation. After all, the Budapest Convention was signed by many countries in Europe and even counted non-E countries such as the United States, Canada, Japan, China and South Africa as among its member-states. It was against this backdrop that various cybercafà © bills were and it would take Congress more than 10 years to pass the Cybercafà © Act.Salient features The salient features of the Act include internationally consistent definitions for certain cybercafà ©s, nuanced liability for perpetrators of cybercafà ©s, increased penalties, greater authority granted to law enforcement authorities, expansive jurisdictional authority to prosecute cybercafà ©s, provisions for international cybercafà © coordination efforts and greater ability to combat cybercafà ©s. Indeed, many of the cybercafà ©s defined under the Act hewed closely to the BudapestConvention and it borrowed heavily from the conventions definition of illegal access and interception, data and system interference, misuse of devices, computer-related forgery and computer-related fraud. Attempts now punishable Under the ACE, cybercafà ©s can be prosecuted only if the offense was consummated. Unsuccessful intrusions or hacki ng incidents were not punishable. From a law enforcement standpoint, this means no arrest can occur until the harm or injury is actually inflicted upon the victims. Mere attempts were not punishable. Also, only the principal perpetrator was subject to criminal penalties.These were addressed under the Act, where attempted cybercafà ©s are now punished and those who aid and abet the commission of cybercafà ©s are also made liable. This more nuanced approach to liability translates to greater flexibility in law enforcement and prosecution since cybercafà ©s can be stopped while being committed, though not yet consummated. Stiffer penalties The Act also increased the penalties from those imposed under the ACE. From the standard three-year prison term under the ACE, the Act increased the penalty to a period from six to 12 years for a lot of cybercafà ©s.This ensured that any person invoiced under the Act would surely face imprisonment since the option to apply for probation would no longer be available. In direct response to the difficulties faced by law enforcement agencies in investigating cybercafà © incidents, the Act gave greater authority to the PEN and NIB to engage in wa rranties real-time collection of minimized traffic data as well as the explicit authority to secure warrants for the interception of all types of electronic communication. To prevent the destruction of precious evidence housed in various service providers like cell phone companies and roadman providers, the Act requires the preservation of data for a minimum of six months. This gives law enforcement authorities the ability to investigate past cybercafà © incidents as well as lead time to get pertinent court orders to access such data. The Act further specifies the means and manner by which law enforcement authorities should conduct computer-related searches and seizures of data, their custody, preservation and destruction.Expanded Jurisdiction Since many cybercafà ©s are transnational in character, Congress vested in courts an expanded Jurisdiction over the commission of cybercafà ©s. The pre-war Revised Penal Code took a more conservative stance and as a rule, the law was not applicable to acts committed outside the physical boundaries of the republic. In contrast, the application of the Act was expanded beyond the Philippines so long as the perpet rator was a Filipino, or the effects of the cybercafà © were felt within the country.In addition, the law applied if any of the elements were committed in the office Accordingly, to ensure the proper adjudication of cybercafà ©s, the Act mandates specialized training for Judges in newly created cybercafà © courts. Since the Philippines has yet to enact the Budapest Convention and take advantage of the international cooperation available to its member-states, Congress, in the meantime, organized the Cybercafà © Office at the DOC and designated it as the central authority in all matters related to international mutual assistance and extradition.It is meant as a stop-gap measure, which hopefully can transition seamlessly when the country accedes to the treaty. Emergency response team Finally, the Cybercafà © Act created the Cybercafà © Investigation and Coordinating Center for policy coordination among concerned agencies and the formulation of a sectional subjectivity plan that includes the creation of a computer emergency response team. Clearly, the approach taken by Congress in the Cybercafà © Act was to enlist the participation of various sectors of government to combat cybercafà © not only at the national level but also internationally.While the BOP industry lobbied for the passage of t he Act, it is undeniably a statute that applies to anyone who can potentially become a victim of cybercafà ©. Unfortunately, not all statutes are perfect and although the best of intentions are embedded throughout the Act, some flaws in the law have caught the attention of the public, of late. Petitions in high court Indeed, various petitions have been lodged in the Supreme Court to question the constitutionality of the Acts provisions relating to libel, increased penalties, real-time collection of traffic data and the so-called teakwood provision. Online libel was not an original creation under the Act. In fact, as early as 2010, the Supreme Court recognized that comments on a blob entry could give rise to a prosecution for libel. To its credit, the high court reasonably interpreted the law. The complainant argued that it was permissible to choose where to initiate the case upon the theory that inline libel was published simultaneously throughout the Philippines. Recognizing that the law did not allow a party to choose inconvenient venues for online libel cases, the Court limited the choice to only one-?the place where the complainant resides.One degree higher The Acts libel provision seemed harmless on its face. The law itself imposed no specific penalty unlike in other cybercafà ©s mentioned in the statute. But the Act provides that online libel is punished by one degree higher and that the prosecution under the law would still be independent of a separate prosecution for libel under the Revised Penal Code. Under the old regime, an accused facing libel can expect to face no more than four years and two months Jail time. Under the Act, the maximum penalty shot up to 10 years.Since the penalties were cumulative, a single act of online libel can attract a maximum Jail time of more than 14 years. Double convictions The double convictions and the increased penalties made the accused ineligible for probation, thus guaranteeing imprisonment. Since the acts and the crime of online libel are the same as that defined in the Revised Penal Code, it has been argued that the law violates the rule against double Jeopardy which seeks to protect citizens against being penalized twice for the same offense.Also, by imposing increased and communications technologies (Sits), Congress was unfairly segregati ng users of Sits and treating them more harshly. Protection clause violated There seems to be no rational basis for this classification and the discrimination imposed by Congress violates the equal protection clause that requires the government to treat all citizens equally.Since the online libel law targets the fundamental right to free speech, the onus is upon the government to demonstrate a compelling state interest in penalizing online libel in this manner, and show that here was no less restrictive alternative available to promote that interest. In the desire to empower law enforcement agencies, the Act authorizes the PEN and the NIB to conduct real-time collection of traffic data, or data about a communications origin, destination, route, date, size and duration, but excluding identities and content.In the context of mobile communications, traffic data will reveal the originating number, the destination number, the time and date of the communication, as well as the length of the conversation or the size of the SMS message se nt. Surveillance The law enforcement authorities may claim that the traffic data are anonymous, but the fact is that the law allows collection of specified communications, which necessarily means the PEN or NIB must already know something about the communications or the identity of their source.Even if they did not, it is easy to know the identity of a cell phones owner by simply dialing the number and employing various social engineering techniques to get that information. Once the identity of the person has been determined, the real-time collection of traffic data effectively becomes a targeted surveillance. That is not to say that government authorities are prevented from engaging in surveillance, but the Constitution requires the intervention of a Judge and the issuance of a warrant before this authority can be exercised.Sadly, the real-time collection of traffic data under the Act does not afford anyone the same protection. Indeed, the privacy of suspected terrorists are protected to a greater degree under the Human Security Act that at least requires the intervention of the Court of Appeals in any surveillance and the careful handling of the evidence collected. No similar protections exist under the Act, not even in the ass of ordinary citizens. Certainly, these violate the right to the privacy of communications, and the right against unreasonable searches and seizure.Most odious provision Finally, the most odious provision of the Act is the so-called teakwood provision that authorizes the DOC to block access to any content upon a prima facie (or first glance) finding of a violation of the provisions of the Act. This means that a person who believes he has become the victim of an online libel can file a complaint in the DOC and if at first blush it appears there has been a violation of the Act, an order will be sued directing Internet service providers to block the content. Under this scenario, the DOC has effectively become the Judge, Jury and executioner without the benefit of a trial or a conviction established beyond reasonable doubt. No time limit The teakwood order has no time limit and can be in place for years or even forever. The complainant is not required to file a case in court while the teakwood order is in place. In fact, it is likely that no such case will ever be filed since the remedy sought has already been obtained, as the online content is already gone.